Osteopathy Complete
Elmer D. Barber, D. O.
1898
  
            
FEVERS AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES
 
 
THE VASO-MOTOR CENTER

    The chief or general center, supplying all the non-striped muscles of the arterial system with motor fibers, lies in the medulla oblongata at a spot which contains many ganglionic cells.
    The nerves which pass to the blood vessels contain vaso-motor fibers, and are known as vaso-motor nerves.  The chief center reaches from the upper part of the floor of the medulla oblongata to within four to five m.m. of the calamus scriptorius (but in the higher animals other centers are distributed throughout the spinal cord which are able to take the place of the great primary center).
    Each half of the body has its own center in that part of the medulla oblongata which represents the upper continuation of the lateral column of the spinal cord.
    Stimulation of this central area causes contraction of all the arteries and in consequence there is great increase of the arterial blood pressure, resulting in swelling of the veins and heart.
    Paralysis of this center causes relaxation and dilatation of all the arteries, and consequently there is an enormous fall of the blood pressure.
    Under ordinary circumstances the vaso-motor center is in a condition of moderate tonic excitement.
    Just as in the case of the cardiac and respiratory centers, the vaso-motor center may be excited directly or reflexly.
    From the vaso-motor center fibers proceed directly through some of the cranial nerves to their area of distribution; through the trigeminus partly to the interior of the eye, through the lingual and hypoglossal to the tongue, and to the intestines by the splanchnics.
    All the other vaso-motor fibers descend in the lateral column of the spinal cord; hence stimulation of the lower cut end of the spinal cord causes contraction of the blood vessels supplied by the nerves below the point of section.
    The cervical portion of the sympathetic supplies the great majority of the blood-vessels of the head.
    The vaso-motor fibers to the upper extremities pass through the anterior roots of the middle dorsal nerves into the thoracic sympathetic and upward to the first thoracic ganglion, and from thence through the rami communicates to the brachial plexus.
    The skin of the trunk receives its vaso-motor fibers through the dorsal and lumbar nerves.
    The lungs are supplied from the dorsal spinal cord through the first thoracic ganglion.
    The vaso-motor fibers to the lower extremities pass through the nerves of the lumbar and sacral plexuses into the sympathetic, and from thence to the lower limbs.
    The splanchnic is the greatest vaso-motor nerve in the body, and supplies the abdominal viscera.
    In referring to the above, from Landois, it will be observed (1) that the chief vaso-motor nerve-center is situated in the medulla oblongata; (2) that the majority of and all the most important vaso-motor nerves descend in the lateral column of the spinal cord; and (3) that stimulation of the vaso-motor causes contraction of all the arteries, and a consequent enormous increase of the arterial blood-pressure  resulting in swelling of the veins and heart; while paralysis of the same center causes relaxation and dilatation of all the arteries, and a consequent immense fall in the general blood pressure.
    It is impossible for the osteopath to reach directly the center in the medulla oblongata.  The same results are attained, however, through so-called "reflex action," by a pressure upon the upper cervicals - where is situated the most important subsidiary center - at the same instant tipping the head backward, thus bringing the neck into such a position as to throw a pressure upon the nerves over the cervical vaso-motor center.  A steady pressure at this point for a few moments - reduces the general blood pressure, slows the action of the heart, and will reduce the temperature of the body in one-half the time required by any other known method.
    Place the fingers upon the sides of the neck, the tips ,almost meeting over the spines of the upper cervicals; tip the head backward, and press gently with the fingers four or five minutes, to reduce a fever.
 
 
EXPLANATORY
 
Why the Osteopath Prefers Chronic Cases.

    In the treatment of fevers and other acute diseases, Osteopathy is destined, in the near future, to play an important part.  At present, however, the osteopath prefers only chronic cases, for several very important reasons.
    (1)  Osteopathy is in its infancy, and not only the profession, but the laity, must be educated to the fact that it possesses many virtues.  A chronic invalid, who has tried every other known method without success, is usually willing to give the new science a fair trial, and if cured or benefited, which is usually the case, never tires of singing the praises of Osteopathy.  On the other hand, very many acute cases, which would require weeks of treatment by the old method, if an osteopath is called at once, the patient is cured so quickly that he imagines there was nothing radically wrong.  If the case proves at all stubborn, and does not respond quickly to osteopathic treatment, the patient and his friends are very apt to become frightened, without giving Osteopathy a fair trial, and call in an MD, in whose hands he lingers uncomplainingly for months, dying, perhaps, with the pleasant thoughts that he is taking all kinds of medicine and has had a consultation of leading, physicians to pronounce the death sentence.  Had he given Osteopathy a trial of two weeks, instead of two days, he might at that time have been convalescent.
    (2) Chronic cases can visit the office, and seldom require treatment oftener than every other day; while in fevers the patient must be visited at his home, and should be treated every four or six hours.
    For the above reasons, Osteopathy deals principally with chronic cases.
    In fevers, as in other diseases, we seldom find two cases exactly alike; it will therefore depend largely upon the good judgment of the operator in applying the proper treatment to the various conditions as they arise, whether or not he attains success.
 


 
ARDENT FEVER
(Non-specific, continued fever, peculiar to warm climates.)

SYMPTOMS
    Severe headache, with throbbing in the temples; may be delirium.  Resembles inflammatory fever.

TREATMENT
    1.  Place the patient upon the back; one hand under the chin, the other under the occipital bone, give gentle extension, rotating the head from side to side.
    2.  Manipulate all the muscles of the neck thoroughly, carefully, and very deep.
    3.  In all cases of diarrhea, place the hands under the patient, the ends of the fingers pressing close to the spine, immediately below the last dorsal vertebra; raise the patient gently until only the hips and shoulders rest upon the bed; hold in this position a few seconds, lower the patient; and repeat.  This treatment should be given in all cases of fever where diarrhea is present.
    4.  Place the hand lightly over the abdomen, vibrating gently three or four minutes.
    5.  Place the hands upon the sides of the neck, the finger-tips almost meeting over the spinous processes of the upper cervicals; tip the head slightly backward, thus bringing a direct pressure upon the cervical vaso-motor center; hold the head in this position, pressing gently, for four or five minutes, at the end of which time the fever will be reduced and the patient in a light perspiration (cut 13).
    This treatment should be given every four or six hours, treatment occupying about ten or fifteen minutes.
 


 
THERMIC FEVER, SUNSTROKE, OR INSOLATION
(Due to exposure to extreme heat.)

SYMPTOMS
    Unconsciousness; high temperature; rapid pulse; headache, nausea; vertigo; inability to swallow; snoring; frequent micturition.

TREATMENT
    1.  Place the patient in a cool place, applying ice or pouring cold water on the head.
    2.  Flex the limbs strongly against the abdomen, giving them strongly abduction, and extend with a light jerk.
    3.  Draw the arms strongly above the head, lowering them with a backward motion, while pressing hard upon the dorsal vertebra between the scapulae.  This treatment tends to draw the blood from the head and equalize the circulation.
    4.  Place the hands under the chin and occipital bone, giving light extension of the neck rotating the head gently from side to side.  Manipulate all the muscles of the neck in a very thorough manner.
    5.  If high fever, place the hands upon the sides of the neck, the fingers almost meeting over the spines of the upper cervicals; tip the head backward, pressing, hard with fingers five minutes.
    If the patient dies, it is generally in about nine hours after the attack.  Many never completely recover.
    Treatment should be repeated every few hours during the first few days, after which a treatment every day is sufficient.
 


 
SIMPLE CONTINUED FEVER
(Elevation of temperature, with no definite lesion.  May be due to fatigue, error in diet, anxiety,
exertion, etc.)

SYMPTOMS
    Chilliness and fever; headache; thirst; tongue coated; urine scanty and high-colored.

TREATMENT
    1.  See Ardent Fever.
    2.  Place the patient on the side; beginning at the seventh dorsal vertebra, move the muscles upward and outward thoroughly and deep, through the splanchnic and lumbar regions.  Treat the opposite side in a similar manner.
    Treatment should be given each day, and occupy about ten or fifteen minutes.
    Patient should have perfect rest, and be confined to a fruit and vegetable diet
 


 
LA GRIPPE, INFLUENZA, OR CATARRHAL FEVER
(Specific, infectious, essential, continued fever.)

SYMPTOMS
    Catarrhal inflammation of the nose; headache over the eyes and root of the nose; soreness in back and limbs; aching of muscles and stiffness of neck; temperature irregular; tongue coated; urine scanty, high-colored, and light or profuse; skin hot, dry, and sensitive.  May last a few days or weeks.

TREATMENT
    1.  Place the hands under the chin and occipital bone; give careful extension of the neck, pulling until the body moves.
    2.  Rotate the head from side to side, manipulating very thoroughly the muscles on the front and sides of the neck, thus freeing the circulation to the head.
    3.  Place the thumb upon one side, the index finger upon the other, of the root of the nose, and press gently, working the thumb and finger as deep as possible, without pain, into the corners of the eves; after which, pressing gently, move the thumb and finger up and down the nose moving the muscles, and not permitting the skin to slip beneath the thumb and finger.  This treatment is very beneficial, and should not be omitted.
    4.  Place the patient oil the side; beginning at the upper cervicals, move the muscles upward and outward the entire length of the spinal column, being very thorough in all regions where tenderness is discovered.  Treat the opposite side in a similar manner.
    5.  Flex the limbs strongly upon the abdomen, giving them strong abduction, and extending with a light jerk.
    6.  Knead the bowels gently two or three minutes; vibrate one minute each, the lungs, stomach, and liver.
    7.  Place the hands upon the sides of the neck, the fingers almost meeting over the spine of the upper cervicals; tip the head backward, pressing hard upon the vasomotor center four or five minutes, to reduce the fever.
    This treatment will occupy twenty or twenty-five minutes, and should be given each day until recovery.  If given correctly, very gratifying results may be expected immediately after the first treatment.
 


 
HAY FEVER
(An infectious, specific catarrh of the respiratory passages.  Probably due to the pollen of certain plants, of which ragweed is the most common.  Also called Hay Asthma, Ragweed Fever, Autumnal Catarrh, June Cold, Rose Cold, Idiosyncratic Coryza, and Periodic Vasomotor Coryza.)

SYMPTOMS
    Itching and burning, and lachrymation of the eyes; pain in the brow or eyeballs; itching of the nasal mucous membrane, and irritating watery discharge; a similar condition is in the throat, when affected, and may attack the bronchial mucous membrane; cough and dyspnea.

TREATMENT
    1.  See La Grippe, 1, 2, and 3.
    2.  Place the patient upon a stool; the operator placing the thumb of his left hand upon the angle of the second rib of the right side, with the right hand draw patient's right arm slowly but strongly above the head as patient inhales; press hard with the thumb as the arm is lowered with a backward motion; move the thumb down to the angle of the next lower rib, and raise the arm as before; repeat this operation, until the sixth rib has been reached.  Treat the opposite side in a similar manner.
    3.  Place the patient on the back; the right hand resting lightly upon the center and upper part of the thorax, vibrate gently two minutes.
    Treatment will occupy about twenty minutes, and should be given each day.  Immediate relief will be the result of the first treatment.
 


 
MALARIAL FEVER, OR AGUE
(Periodic paroxysms of chill, fever, and perspiration.  Associated with unicellular organism.)

SYMPTOMS
    Chills set in with nausea, vertigo, shivering; teeth chatter; skin cold and rough; coldness gives way to warmth; surface of the body becomes flushed; eyes brilliant, followed by copious perspiration.      May be intermittent, remittent, or pernicious.

TREATMENT
    1.  Place the patient upon a  stool, the operator placing, the thumbs upon the ankles of the second rib, an assistant standing in front raises the arms very strongly above the head, as the patient inhales; press hard upon the ribs, while the arms are lowered with a backward motion (cut 24), the patient permitting the elbows to bend. Move the thumbs down to the next lower rib, and raise the arms as before; and repeat, until the last dorsal is reached.
    2.  Place the patient on the back; one operator grasping the shoulders, an assistant the feet, give thorough extension of the spine.
    3.  With the patient in the same position, flex the limbs, one at a time, strongly against the abdomen, abducting the knee strongly, and extending the limb with a light jerk.
    4.  Manipulate the muscles of the neck gently but very deep, thus freeing the circulation to the head.
    5.  Place the hand lightly over the liver, and vibrate strongly two minutes.
    6.  Place the hands on sides of patient's neck, in case of fever, finger-tips almost meeting over the spinous processes of the upper cervicals; tip the head backward and press strongly three or four minutes upon the vaso-motor center (cut 13).
 


 
CEREBRO-SPINAL FEVER, SPOTTED FEVER, OR CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS
(Of specific, infectious, continued type; dependent upon inflammation of the cerebral and spinal meninges.)

SYMPTOMS
    Rigor; fever; nausea; thirst; vomiting; excruciating headache; rigidity of head and neck; retraction of the head; backache; extreme prostration; delirium; stupor and coma; temperature fluctuates; pulse rapid and irregular.  Between the third and sixth day herpetic vesicles may appear on the face about the mouth; may be incontinence or retention of urine; may be strabismus, vertigo, tinnitus aurium, and loss of sense of smell; tongue usually clear.

TREATMENT
    1.  Place the patient on the side; beginning at the occipital bone, move the muscles upward and outward, carefully but very deep, through the cervical and dorsal regions.  Treat the opposite side in a similar manner.  Great care must be exercised in giving this treatment to manipulate the muscles which are contracted, until they relax, thus freeing, the undue pressure upon the nerve- and blood-supply in this region.
    2.  Place the patient on the back; with one hand under the chin, draw the head backward and to the side; with the disengaged hand manipulate the muscles upon the side of the neck; reverse, and treat the other side in a similar manner.
    3.  Place the left hand upon the top of the patient's head; place the right hand and arm under the patient's head and neck, the fingers between the scapulae at about the fourth or fifth dorsal, two fingers upon each side of the spinous process; press strongly upward with the fingers, moving them slowly toward the head, at the same instant pressing upon the head with the left hand and rotating it from side to side, which rotation and pressure must be continued until the fingers of the right hand, gradually working toward the head, have reached the upper cervicals (cut 46).
    4.  Place the hands beneath the chin and occipital bone, giving strong, extension of the neck, continued one minute.
    5.  Place the hands under the patient's shoulders; aid assistant grasping the feet, pull slowly, gradually increasing the strength, until thorough extension of the spine has been given.  This treatment, together with extension of the neck and manipulation of the spinal muscles, frees the venous circulation from the spinal cord, an obstruction of which is the true cause of this dread disease.
    6.  Place the hands upon the sides of the neck, the fingers almost meeting over the spinous processes of the upper cervicals; tip the head backward pressing hard with the fingers upon the vaso-motor center for five minutes.
    This treatment will occupy about twenty minutes; and, if correctly administered, will give immediate relief.  Treatment should be given about every six hours.
    A skilled osteopath, if called in any reasonable time, has never been known to lose a patient suffering with this disease.
 


 
TYPHUS FEVER
(Acute, infectious, essential fever; peculiar to crowded and unwholesome places among the
 poor and wretched.  Also known as Famine Fever, Ship Fever, and Jail Fever.)

SYMPTOMS
    Rapid rise of temperature; headache; pain in the back and limbs; stupor; rapid pulse; face livid; on fourth or fifth day a spotted eruption appears on the extremities; delirium; intolerance of light; tongue brown and cracked; sores on teeth and gums; urine scanty and high-colored, temperature usually 1020 to 1040.

TREATMENT
    1.  Place the hands under the chin and occipital, and give gentle extension, pulling, until the body moves slightly; manipulate thoroughly all the muscles of the front, sides, and back of the neck.
    2. Vibrate gently for one minute each of the following organs: lungs, liver, pancreas, kidneys, and bowels.
    3.  Place the hands upon the sides of the neck, fingers almost meeting over the upper cervicals; tip the head backward, pressing hard with the fingers upon the vaso-motor center for five minutes, to reduce the fever.
    This treatment should be given each day, except holding the vaso-motor, which should be given about every six hours.
    While the cure of this fever is slow, it can be effected in about one half the length of time required by any other method.
 


 
TYPHOID FEVER, OR ENTERIC FEVER
(Acute, infectious, essential continued fever, resembling typhus, with inflammation, swelling, and ulceration of Peyer's glands, softening of the mesenteric glands, and tumefaction of the spleen.)

SYMPTOMS
    Headache; pain in the back; bleeding from the nose; loss of appetite; temperature characteristic of evening exacerbations and morning remissions, usually varying from 1030 to 1050; tongue coated in the middle, with red tip and edges; tenderness of the abdomen, and tympanites; usually diarrhea, stools - yellowish, with fetid odor; pupils dilated; and frequently delirium and intestinal hemorrhages.   Duration usually three to five weeks.

TREATMENT
    See Typhus Fever.
    This form is more obstinate than the Typhus, and so speedy a cure should not be expected.  A great deal is dependent upon proper and careful nursing in the treatment of this disease.
 


 
WEIL'S DISEASE
(Febrile disorder, resembling typhoid fever.  Peculiar to butchers, brewers, and laborers.)

SYMPTOMS
    Chill; fever; headache; vomiting; pains in the epigastrium; diarrhea; jaundice; stupor; delirium; coma; black vomit.
    No cure in Osteopathy.
 


 
YELLOW FEVER
(Specific, epidemic disease of hot climates.)

SYMPTOMS
    Chill; fever; temperature 1020 to 1040; capillary congestion of the face and eyes; pains in the head, back and calves of the legs; thirst; stomach irritated; vomit black; skin deep yellow; jaundice; constipation; mind usually clear; tendency to hemorrhages from the mucous surfaces.
    No cure in Osteopathy.
 


 
ASIATIC CHOLERA
(Acute, specific, infectious disease, peculiar to tropical climates.)

SYMPTOMS
    Vomiting; diarrhea., stools "rice water" appearance; thirst; eyeballs sunken; skin cold and shrunken; voice lost; respiration shallow and rapid; muscular cramps; suppressed urine, temperature normal or suppressed.
    No cure in Osteopathy.
 


 
SCARLET FEVER, OR SCARLATINA
(Acute infectious disease, with scarlet eruptions.)

SYMPTOMS
    Temperature rises suddenly to 1040 or 1050; pulse rapid; red rash on neck and breast; pain in swallowing; headache; vomiting; strawberry tongue; skin hot and dry.

TREATMENT
    1.  Place the patient on the side; beginning at the upper cervicals, move the muscles upward and outward, gently but deep, as low as the last dorsal vertebra.  Treat the opposite side in a similar manner.
    2.  Manipulate the muscles in the front and sides of the neck, thoroughly and deeply.
    3.  Place the hands under the chin and occipital bone; give careful extension of the neck, pulling, slowly and gently, until the body moves.
    4.  Place the hands upon the sides of the neck, fingertips almost meeting, over the spinous processes of the upper cervicals; tip the head backward, pressing quite hard with the fingers, for five minutes, upon the vaso-motor center.
    Treatment will occupy ten to fifteen minutes, and should be given each day.
 


 
ROTHELN, ROSEOLA, RUBELLA, SPURIOUS SCARLET FEVER, FALSE MEASLES, BASTARD MEASLES, GERMAN MEASLES, OR FRENCH MEASLES
(Specific, infectious disease, with rose-colored efflorescence on the skin, resembling both measles and scarlet fever, but not identical with either.)

SYMPTOMS
    Elevation of temperature; pulse very rapid; eruption first appears on face; sore throat; coryza; cervical glands enlarged.

TREATMENT
    See Scarlet Fever.
 


 
MORBILLI, RUBEOLA, OR MEASLES
(Acute, infectious, eruptive disease, peculiar to children.)

SYMPTOMS
    Quick rise of temperature to 1020 or 1040; watery eves; restlessness; headache; sneezing; running from the nose; often cough and slight sore throat; digestion disturbed; coarse pink papules appear about the fourth day.

TREATMENT
    1.  See Scarlet Fever.
    2.  Place the thumb of the left hand upon the angle of the second rib on the right side of the spine; draw the patient's right arm high above the head as he fills the lungs to their fullest capacity; lower the arm with a backward motion, pressing hard at the same instant upon the angle of the rib.  Treat the third, fourth, and fifth rib in a similar manner.  Also the same ribs on the opposite side of the body.
 


 
PERTUSSIS, OR WHOOPING-COUGH
(Specific, infectious, catarrhal inflammation, involving especially the trachea and
bronchi, with paroxysmal cough.)

SYMPTOMS
    Redness of mucous membranes of eyes, nose, and throat; cough dry at first, becoming more frequent, paroxysmal, ringing, and accompanied by a shrill, reiterated whoop; frequently vomiting; purulent discharge from the nose; capricious appetite; restless sleep and slight fever.  In duration it varies from one week to one year, usual period ranging from three weeks to three months.

TREATMENT
    1.  Place the hand under the chin, drawing the head backward and rotating it to the side, at the same instant manipulating the muscles, carefully but deep.  Treat the opposite side of the neck in a similar manner.  Also manipulate the muscles immediately about the trachea, drawing the trachea upward as much as possible.
    2.  Place the hands under the chin and occipital bone, giving gentle extension and rotation.
    3.  Place the knee between the scapula, at about the second dorsal; draw the arms slowly but strongly upward as the patient inhales, lowering them with a backward motion, pressing hard with the knee upon the upper dorsal region.
    4.  Place the patient on the back; the hand resting lightly over the bronchi, vibrate gently two minutes.
    5.  Place the hands upon the sides of the neck, fingertips almost meeting over the upper cervicals; tipping the head slightly backward, press gently four or five minutes on the vaso-motor center.
 


 
PAROTIDITIS, OR MUMPS
(Acute, specific, infectious inflammation of the parotid glands.)

SYMPTOMS
    Swelling and pain in one or both parotid glands; movements of the jaw and mastication painful; slight fever with more or less headache.  There is little danger, although there are instances in which, from exposure to cold, the disease has been transmitted to the testicles of boys and to the breasts of girls with serious results.

TREATMENT
    1.  Place the hands under the chin and occipital bone, giving gentle extension and rotation of the neck.
    2.  Manipulate thoroughly all muscles of the neck, being particularly thorough in the region of the parotid gland.
    These manipulations free the circulation to the head, and will cure any case of mumps in a very few days.  Treatment should be given each day.
 


 
VARIOLA, OR SMALL-POX
(Specific, infectious disease, with papular eruptions.)

SYMPTOMS
    Chill; fever; headache; vomiting; swelling; pain in back; coated tongue; papular eruption at first vesicles, becoming pustules.
    Not treated by osteopaths.
 


 
VARICELLA, OR CHICKEN-POX
(Acute, specific, infectious disease, peculiar to children.)

SYMPTOMS
    Elevation of temperature; eruption of papules, which become vesicles; eruptions appear on scalp, face, trunk, and extremities.
 
TREATMENT
    1.  Place the patient on the side; beginning at the upper cervicals, move the muscles upward and outward the entire length of the spinal column, gently but deep.  Treat the opposite side in a similar manner.
    2.  Flex the limbs, one at a time, strongly against the abdomen, giving the knee strong abduction as the limb is extended with a light jerk.
    3.  Place the hands under the chin and the occipital bone, giving gentle extension and rotation of the head and neck.
    4.  Draw the arms slowly but strongly above the head as the patient inhales, lowering them with a backward motion.
    5.  Hold the vaso-motor.
 


 
ERYSIPELAS
(Acute, specific, infectious disease, with inflammation of the derma and subcutaneous tissue.)

SYMPTOMS
    Chill; fever; appearance on the cheek of an area of red induration; redness increases in extent, and attended with swelling; tongue coated; anorexia; and often sore throat.

TREATMENT
    This disease is caused by an obstruction to the venous circulation, and should be treated with a view of freeing said circulation between the seat of disease and the heart.  If in the leg, flex the limb, gently at first, but with increasing strength, using great care to give no unnecessary pain; abduct the knee strongly as the limb is extended.  This treatment should be repeated, growing stronger each time, until finally the limb can be flexed against the abdomen, thus stretching all the muscles of the thigh and freeing the circulation.
    It is also well to grasp the limb with both hands close to the thigh, rotating the flesh as deeply as possible, working down the entire length of the limb in this manner.
    If in the head a very thorough treatment of the neck should be given, manipulating the muscles very thoroughly and deeply, also giving extension.
    Working upon these principles, erysipelas in any part of the body can be treated successfully and cured in a very few days.
    Treatment should be given each day and occupy about fifteen minutes.
 


 
DENGUE
(Acute, infectious disease, with severe pains in muscles and joints.)

SYMPTOMS
    Anorexia; headache; vertigo; drowsiness; elevation of temperature; stiffness of the neck; pain along the spine and lumbar region; eruptions resembling scarlatina.

TREATMENT
    1.  Place the patient on the side; moving the muscles upward and outward, gently but very deep, the entire length of the spinal column, being, particular to manipulate the muscles very deeply in the back of the neck and lumbar region.
    2.  Flex the limbs gently against the abdomen, and give strong abduction as they are extended.
    3.  Knead very thoroughly all the muscles around the joints, thus freeing the circulation and thereby relieving the pain.
    4.  Place the hands under the chin and occipital bone, giving gentle extension and rotation of the neck; also manipulate carefully and deeply the muscles of the front and sides of the neck.
    5.  Hold vaso-motor four or five minutes.
    This treatment will give immediate relief, occupying about fifteen minutes, and should be given each day, until recovery.
 


 
DIPHTHERIA
(Acute infectious disease, most commonly affecting the throat, characterized by a tendency to the formation of a fibrinous exudation constituting a false membrane.)

SYMPTOMS
    Diphtheria is divisible into two forms, simple and malignant.  In the simple variety, happily the most common, the symptoms are at first so mild as to excite little complaint beyond a slight difficulty of swallowing or pain in the throat, burning skin, pains in the limbs, etc.
    Malignant diphtheria is ushered in with severe fever, rigors, vomiting or purging, sudden great prostration and restlessness, anxious countenance, etc., pointing to some overwhelming disease under which the system is laboring.  The skin is hot, the face flushed, the throat sore, and the mucous membrane of the throat bright red; the tonsils are swollen, and gray or white patches of deposit appear on them, small at first, but gradually enlarging, so that one patch merges into another, forming a false membrane in the throat, rendering swallowing and even breathing difficult; in some cases the false membrane has been detached and after extreme effort ejected, presenting nearly an exact mold of the throat The exudation of diphtheria may be distinguished from a slough by its easily crumbling, by the facility with which it can often be detached, and by the surface thus exposed being red, but not ulcerated.  The glands of the neck are always enlarged; sometimes pain is felt in the ear, and there is generally stiffness of the neck.
    As the disease progresses, the patient passes into a stupor, and the difficulty of swallowing or breathing, increases till the false membrane is ejected, or the patient dies from suffocation, or he sinks from exhaustion similar to that observed in typhoid fever.
    Dangerous symptoms are a quick, feeble, or very slow pulse, persistent vomiting, drowsiness, delirium, suppressed urine, and bleeding from the nose.

CAUSE
    Diptheria is caused by a contraction of the muscles of the neck and thorax, as well as by a contraction of the muscles of respiration, which, interfering with the circulation of the fluids of the body, cause the inflamed condition of the larynx, bronchial tubes, and throat.
     Diphtheria, even in its most malignant form, succumbs to the following treatment.

TREATMENT
    1.  Place the patient on the back; with one hand under the chin, the other under the back of the head, pull gently, rotating the head from side to side (cut 8).
     2.  Pull slowly and strongly until the body moves, without rotating the head.
    3.  With the fingers beginning under the chin, move all the muscles of the neck from side to side.
    4.  Place the finger in patient's mouth and move the muscles of the throat gently; this loosens the membrane, which usually will be immediately, expelled.
    5.  With one hand draw the arm high above the head; at the same instant, with the fingers of the other between the spine and scapula at its upper border, press firmly on the angle of the rib, lower the arm with a backward motion, move the fingers one inch down the spine, draw up the arm, and repeat until the lower border of the scapula is reached.  Treat the other side in a similar manner.
    6.  Place the arms around patient's body, the fingers meeting at the spine immediately below the last ribs, and, while pressing with the fingers on each side of the spine, raise the patient's body slowly and gently until only the hips and shoulders rest on the bed; this should be repeated two or three times, moving the hands two or three inches each time toward the head; it will instantly stop all purging and vomiting.
    7.  Place one hand on each side of the neck, the fingers almost meeting below the occipital bone (see cut 13); press gently for two or three minutes.  It is here you reach nerves that control the caliber of the arteries, thus slowing the action of the heart.
    Diptheria in its most malignant form has never in our experience, failed to yield readily to this treatment, instant relief being experienced, and a complete cure effected in very few days.  Treatment should be given every six hours, and the vaso-motor center may be held at any time, as it always gives relief.
 


 
BRAIN FEVER
(Inflammation of the brain or its membranes.)

EXPLANATORY
    Referring again to the anatomy, we find that the brain, the great dynamo which generates the forces that control the system, is contained in the cavity of the cranium, and to perform the varied tasks imposed upon it, must be bountifully supplied with arterial blood, which must circulate freely and return quickly to the heart through an unobstructed channel.  The blood leaves the arch of the aorta through the innominate artery, and ascends obliquely to the upper border of the right sterno-clavicular articulation, where it divides into the right common carotid and right subclavian arteries, the latter supplying the arm, while the common carotid passes obliquely upward from behind the sternoclavicular articulation to a level with the upper border of the thyroid cartilage, opposite the third cervical vertebra, where it divides into the external and internal carotid, whose branches, together with the vertebral artery, supply the brain.  As these arteries and the corresponding veins must pass through a network of muscles to reach their destination, the great mystery is that we are ever free from headache caused by an obstruction to their free flow.

SYMPTOMS
    The symptoms which usually precede brain fever are pain in the head, redness of the eves, a violent flushing of the face, disturbed sleep or a total want of it, great dryness of the skin, costiveness, retention of the urine, a small dropping of blood from the nose, singing in the ears, and extreme sensibility of the nervous system.  The pulse is often weak, irregular, and trembling, but sometimes is hard and contracted; a remarkable quickness of hearing is a common symptom of this disease, as is also a great throbbing of the arteries in the neck and temples; a constant trembling, suppression of the urine, a total want of sleep, and a grinding of the teeth, which may be considered as a kind of convulsion.

CAUSE
    Brain fever, usually fatal when treated by the old methods, can be traced directly to a contraction of the muscles of the neck, obstructing the returning blood.  With the heart still pumping the blood into the brain and the escape cut off, do you wonder at brain fever, or can you doubt for an instant that to remove the obstruction, allowing the pent-up venous blood to escape down its proper channel, would cure the disease?
    We have yet to find a case of brain fever that, if taken in any reasonable time, can not be instantly relieved, and in a comparatively short time cured, by our Brain Fever Treatment.  We trust that not only every person who reads these pages, but the medical fraternity in particular, will try this method, as, if it is generally adopted, it will save hundreds of lives annually.

TREATMENT
    1.  Place one hand under the chin, the other under the back of the head, and pull gently, rotating the head as far as possible from side to side, the object being to stretch all the muscles of the neck.
    2.  Pull gently on the head (being very careful not to rotate it) until sufficient strength is used to move the body.
    3.  With the fingers move all the flesh and muscles of the neck and throat, working gently but deep.
    4.  Raise the arm high above the head (see cut 10) with one hand, with the fingers of the other pressing hard between the spine and scapula, beginning at the upper border of the scapula.  Lower the arm with a backward motion, and repeat, moving the fingers down one inch each time, until the lower angle of the scapula is reached.  Treat the other side in a similar manner.
    5.  Hold the vaso-motor center one hand on each side of the neck, the fencers almost meeting close to the head (cut 13), and in five minutes your patient will be asleep and out of danger.
    In critical cases this treatment may be repeated as often as circumstances seem to require.  Once in six hours is usually all that is necessary.  The vaso-motor center may be held at any time, and always gives relief.
    Of the many cases treated by us, we will mention that of a gentleman of Baxter Springs, Kansas, who was delirious when we reached his bedside, and had been given up by the family physician.      After a treatment that lasted not over ten minutes, his wife, bending over the couch, said to him: Ben, how do you feel?" He replied: "Better, you bet!" turned over, and went to sleep for the first time in days.  He improved rapidly, and in two weeks had entirely recovered.
    We are perfectly satisfied that brain fever, if treated in time by these never-failing principles, is no more to be dreaded than a bad cold.
 


 
TUBERCULOSIS
(Infectious disease, due to tubercle bacillus within some organ or tissue.)

SYMPTOMS
    Emaciation; anemia; weakness; causeless sweats; tubercle bacillus in the blood.
    No cure in Osteopathy.
 


 
MILIARY FEVER
(Infectious disease, with disorder of the sweat glands, and obstruction to their ducts.)

SYMPTOMS
    Fever; profuse sweating; tenderness and sense of oppression at the epigastrium; eruption, consisting of small and reddish maculae with vesicle in the center, most generally about the neck and trunk.
    Not treated by osteopaths.
 


 
LEPROSY, OR ELEPHANTIASIS (BLACK)
(A chronic, specific, infectious, hereditary disease, characterized by ulcerous eruptions, tubercles, anesthetic patches, neuritis, and desquamations of dead skin.)

SYMPTOMS
    Reddish violet-colored patches, becoming darker; nodules; fierce expression.; sloughing; no pain; temperature usually subnormal; gradual wasting.
    Not treated by osteopaths.
 


 
HYDROPHOBIA, OR RABIES
(An acute, specific, infectious disease, communicated by the bite of a rabid animal, due to a specific virus in the saliva, characterized by a great disturbance of the central nervous system, difficulty of swallowing, convulsive dread of water, and spasmodic muscular contractions.)

SYMPTOMS
    Thirst; painful spasms of the larynx when attempting to swallow water; sensitiveness to light, sounds, or draughts; dyspnea; struggling; gasping; convulsions; foaming and frothing at the mouth.
    Not treated by osteopaths.
 


 
ANTHRAX, SPLENIC FEVER,
OR CHARBON
(A contagious and malignant febrile disease, characterized by the presence of the bacillus anthracis, and often by carbuncular swellings (malignant pustule); derived from herbivorous animals; peculiar to butchers, woolsorters and workers in hides.)

SYMPTOMS
    Pimple appears at the site of inoculation; skin red; papule becomes vesicular and pustular, with subsequent gangrene; fever; depression; and septic pyemia.
    Not treated by osteopaths.
 


 
MILK-SICKNESS (ALSO CALLED SWAMP-SICKNESS, THE TREMBLES)
(Acute, infectious, malignant fever of cattle, and affecting man by transmittance through
milk and meat.)

SYMPTOMS
    Muscular tremor; soapy, yellowish vomit; fetid breath; constipation, attended with violent retching and a burning in the stomach; often terminating fatally on the third day.
    Not treated by osteopaths.
 


 
TRICHINIASIS, OR TRICHINISIS (THE FLESH-WORM DISEASE)
(Acute infectious disease, caused by a small round worm from meat of diseased swine.)

SYMPTOMS
    Gastric and intestinal irritation; pain and stiffness of voluntary muscles; edema of the eyelids, face, and feet; profuse perspiration; anorexia; tongue coated; breath foul; nausea; diarrhea; slight fever.
    Not treated by osteopaths.
 


 
GLANDERS
(Infectious disease, peculiar to horses, and transmitted to man through an abrasion of the skin.)

SYMPTOMS
    Site of inoculation becomes inflamed; elevation of temperature; headache; eruption vesicular, then pustular; nodules beneath the skin, which soften and rupture, discharging a greenish pus.
    Not treated by osteopaths.
 


 
ACTINOMYCOSIS, OR LUMP-SAW
(Specific, infectious disease of cattle, occasionally in man; due to "ray-fungus.")

SYMPTOMS
    Usually attacks the lower jaw, but sometimes on the tongue, in lungs, or intestines; tumor, swelling, and suppuration; pyemic symptoms.
    Not treated by osteopaths.
 


 
FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE (ECZEMA EPIZOOTICA)
(A specific, contagious disease, communicated to man from domestic animals, in which ulcers are formed about the mouth and hoofs.

SYMPTOMS
    Fever; soreness of mouth; vesicles which burst and leave shallow ulcers; tongue swells; eating painful.
    Not treated by osteopaths.